A Quarta Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) exonerou um pai do pagamento de pensão alimentícia para a filha de 27 anos, formada em direito e com pós-graduação em andamento.
A Turma, seguindo voto do relator, ministro Luis Felipe Salomão, entendeu que a filha – maior de idade, em perfeita saúde física e mental e com formação superior – deveria ter buscado o seu imediato ingresso no mercado de trabalho, não mais subsistindo para seu pai a obrigação de lhe prover alimentos.
Pensão reduzida
Em fevereiro de 2010, o pai ajuizou ação de exoneração de alimentos. Alegou que estava sendo obrigado pela Justiça a pagar pensão de 15 salários mínimos a sua filha maior de idade e formada em direito.
O juízo de primeira instância julgou procedente o pedido. A filha apelou da sentença. O Tribunal de Justiça proveu parcialmente o recurso para manter a pensão no valor de dez salários mínimos.
Sacrifício
Inconformado, o pai recorreu ao STJ sustentando que sempre cumpriu a obrigação alimentar, porém sua situação financeira não mais permite o pagamento sem sacrifício do sustento próprio e de seus outros filhos.
Alegou que sua filha, naquele momento, já estava formada havia mais de dois anos e deveria prover seu próprio sustento. Contudo, o tribunal estadual manteve a pensão alimentícia no valor de dez salários mínimos.
Segundo ele, em nenhum momento a filha demonstrou que ainda necessitava da pensão, tendo a decisão do tribunal presumido essa necessidade. Porém, com a maioridade civil, essa presunção não seria mais possível.
Por fim, argumentou que a pensão não pode nem deve se eternizar, já que não é mais uma obrigação alimentar absoluta e compulsória.
Estudo em tempo integral
A filha, por sua vez, afirmou que a maioridade não extingue totalmente a obrigação alimentar e que não houve alteração do binômio possibilidade-necessidade, pois necessita dos alimentos para manter-se dignamente. Além disso, alegou que o pai tem amplas condições de arcar com a pensão.
Argumentou que a exoneração requer prova plena da impossibilidade do alimentante em fornecer alimentos e de sua desnecessidade para a manutenção do alimentando.
Disse que, embora tenha atingido a maioridade e concluído curso superior, não possui emprego e permanece estudando, já que frequenta curso de pós-graduação em processo civil.
Por fim, afirmou que utiliza seu tempo integralmente para seu aperfeiçoamento profissional e necessita, mais do que nunca, que seu pai continue a pagar a pensão alimentícia.
Solidariedade
Ao analisar a questão, o ministro Luis Felipe Salomão destacou que os alimentos decorrem da solidariedade que deve haver entre os membros da família ou parentes, visando a garantir a subsistência do alimentando. Para isso, deve ser observada sua necessidade e a possibilidade do alimentante.
“Com efeito, durante a menoridade, quando os filhos estão sujeitos ao poder familiar – na verdade, conjunto de deveres dos pais, inclusive o de sustento –, há presunção de dependência dos filhos, que subsiste caso o alimentando, por ocasião da extinção do poder familiar, esteja frequentando regularmente curso superior ou técnico, todavia passa a ter fundamento na relação de parentesco, nos moldes do artigo 1.694 e seguintes do Código Civil”, acrescentou o relator.
O ministro citou ainda precedentes do STJ que seguem o mesmo entendimento do seu voto. Em um deles, ficou consignado que “os filhos civilmente capazes e graduados podem e devem gerir suas próprias vidas, inclusive buscando meios de manter sua própria subsistência e limitando seus sonhos – aí incluídos a pós-graduação ou qualquer outro aperfeiçoamento técnico-educacional – à própria capacidade financeira”.
A exoneração de alimentos determinada pela Quarta Turma terá efeitos a partir da publicação do acórdão.
* O número deste processo não é divulgado em razão de sigilo judicial
Fonte: STJ
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